The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system, Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
Hookah or waterpipe smoking or use is an emerging trend in the US population, especially among the youth. The misperception of hookah being less harmful than cigarettes and the availability of different but “appealing” flavors are considered among the main reasons for this trend. Hookah users however are exposed to many of the same toxic compounds/by-products as cigarette users, but at dramatically higher levels, which might lead to more severe negative health effects. In fact, hookah users are at risks of infections, cancers, lung disease, and other medical conditions. Moreover, because of the overlapping toxicant/chemical profile to conventional cigarettes, hookah smoke effects on the cardiovascular system are thought to be comparable to those of conventional cigarettes. A major source of tobacco addiction is nicotine, whose levels in hookah are extremely variable as they depend on the type of tobacco used. Taken together, in this review of literature, we will provide insights on the negative health effects of hookah in general, with a focus on what is known regarding its impact on the cardiovascular system.
Effects of smoking shisha, cancer risk, and strategies for prevention of shisha habit - ScienceDirect
Hubbly Bubbly or Hookah Smoking Increases Cancer Risk - CANSA - The Cancer Association of South Africa
The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system, Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
Ameliorative Effect of Turmeric and Cocoa Extract against Acute Second Hand Exposure of Tobacco Smoking on Hepatocytes and Enterocytes in Albino Rats: Ultrastructural Study. - Document - Gale OneFile: Health and Medicine
E-Cigarettes
PDF) Effects of hookah smoking on liver functions, lipid profile, and adult blood count
Frontiers Prevalence of waterpipe smoking and its associated factors among adolescents aged 12–16 years in 73 countries/territories
Water Pipe (Hookah) Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Smoking - Wikipedia
It's nice to just be”: A qualitative study on the meaning-imbued reality of waterpipe smoking among young adults in Sweden - Pelle Pelters, Maria Rosaria Galanti, 2023
Knowledge Attitude and Practice about Water-Pipe Smoking among Saudi Population
PDF) Does hookah smoking carry less cardiovascular risks than cigarette smoking in patients presenting with myocardial infarction?
Full article: Smoking waterpipe, cigarette, and heart disease: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Kong Cohort Study in the South of Iran
The Effects Of Hookah/waterpipe Smoking On General Health, 60% OFF
